Cusco, Peru markax Imperio Incaico ukhamarakiwa. This writing was originally produced on animal skins and later on paper. More than a century passed before "Aymara" entered general usage to refer to the language spoken by the Aymara people (Briggs, 1976:14). Let us know and we’ll add them here! Roots conform to the template (C)V(C)CV, with CVCV being predominant. Jaqaru [jaqi aru = human language] and Kawki communities are in the district of Tupe, Yauyos Valley, in the Dept. The tense and mood systems are fairly complex. Aymara (Aymar aru) belongs to the Aymaran language family. The alphabet, later sanctioned in Bolivia by Decree 20227 on 9 May 1984 and in Peru as la Resolución Ministerial Peruana 1218ED on 18 November 1985, consists of 3 vowels, 26 consonants and an umlaut to mark vowel length. The most unusual characteristic is the expression of the uvular /χ/ with ⟨jh⟩. [5] Regardless, the use of the word "Aymara" as a label for this people was standard practice as early as 1567, as evident from Garci Diez de San Miguel's report of his inspection of the province of Chucuito (1567, 14; cited in Lafaye 1964). Long vowels are indicated with a diaeresis in writing: ä, ï, ü. During the Spanish colonization Quechua was favored over Aymara. Software – refers to program control instructions and accompanying documents; stored on disks or tapes when not being used in computers. Alfredo Torero uses the term 'Aru' ('speech'); Rodolfo Cerrón-Palomino, meanwhile, has proposed that the term 'Aymara' should be used for the whole family, distinguished into two branches, Southern (or Altiplano) Aymara and Central Aymara (Jaqaru and Kawki). Aymara, Southern. In 1985, the Peruvian government introduced a new spelling system known as the Aymara Official Alphabet or Unified Alphabet. Aymara definition: a member of an indigenous people of Bolivia and Peru | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Aymara may refer to: In language and people:. In English usage, some linguists use the term Aymaran languages for the family and reserve 'Aymara' for the Altiplano branch. Home > Peru travel packages > Titicaca lake tour > THE AYMARA ROUTE FULL DAY TOUR. Some orthographic attempts even expand further: the Alfabeto Funcional Trilingüe, made up of 40 letters (including the voiced stops necessary for Spanish) and created by the Academia de las Lenguas Aymara y Quechua in Puno in 1944 is the one used by the lexicographer Juan Francisco Deza Galindo in his Diccionario Aymara – Castellano / Castellano – Aymara. The so-called personal-knowledge tenses include the simple (non-past) and the proximal past. In fact, when before means in front of ego, it can mean only future. Non-productive nominal suffixes vary considerably by variant but typically include those below. Prior to the Spanish conquest of Peru in the 16th century, Aymara was spoken over a larger area than today having lost speakers to Spanish and Quechua. Aymara (IPA: (); also Aymar aru) is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Bolivian Andes.It is one of only a handful of Native American languages with over one million speakers. The main Indigenous languages are Quechua and Aymara. Over the centuries, Aymara has gradually lost speakers both to Spanish and to Quechua; many Peruvian and Bolivian communities that were once Aymara-speaking now speak Quechua.[12]. Xavier Albó, "Andean People in the Twentieth Century," in, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of Spanish words of Indigenous American Indian origin, "Bolivia: Idioma Materno de la Población de 4 años de edad y más- UBICACIÓN, ÁREA GEOGRÁFICA, SEXO Y EDAD", A Grammar of Muylaq' Aymara: Aymara as spoken in Southern Peru. Aymara eller Aimara (aymara: aymara hør ?) It is also found in northern Potosi and southwest Cochabamba but is slowly being replaced by Quechua in those regions. In some contexts, attachment to a verb conveys a reverser meaning and effectively express the opposite of the meaning of the plain root. This native language is spoken by more than 2 million people across the Andes, especially in Bolivia and Peru, where it is among the official languages. This hypothesis suggests that the linguistically-diverse area ruled by the Puquina came to adopt Aymara languages in their southern region.[6]. These suffixes are both productive and obligatory. 1. For example, in nominal compounds and noun phrases, all adjectival/nominal modifiers with three or more vowels in a modifier + nucleus NP lose their final vowel. The total population of Aymara speakers is estimated at 2.8 million people. Most languages conceptualize the ego as moving forward into the future, with ego's back to the past. The family was established by the research of Lucy Briggs (a fluent speaker) and Dr. Martha Hardman de Bautista of the Program in Linguistics at the University of Florida. The suggestion that "Aymara" comes from the Aymara words "jaya" (ancient) and "mara" (year, time) is almost certainly a mistaken folk etymology. Most speakers of Aymara are also proficient in Spanish and/or Quechua. Unlike other languages, Aymara future tense refers to events that have occurred BEFORE the moment of speech. In this respect, the multipliers/reversers are the most derivational-like of all the suffixes discussed so far. Aymara words in English This page was last edited on 30 March 2021, at 22:06. Previous Next The ancient home of the Aymara is perched twelve-thousand feet above sea level on the Altiplano, a high plateau near Lake Titicaca in the Peruvian Andes. [2][3] Aymara, along with Spanish, is an official language in Bolivia and Peru. However, this may be due to borrowing rather than to a common origin of the two languages. Languages of Peru During the pre-Hispanic period, the Inca spread their language, Quechua, across the highlands and along the coast, although some groups near Lake Titicaca spoke Aymara at the time of the Spanish conquest. Multipliers/reversers — The two multipliers/reversers are comparatively less productive and are not obligatory. MustGo.com. / [citation needed]. Tense: present, past, future; the language makes a distinction between recent and remote past. Today, Aymara is written with a Spanish version of the Roman alphabet. In Peru lernst Du Spanisch. Nach modernen linguistischen Kriterien verfasste Grammatiken des Aymara gibt es erst seit der zweiten Hälfte des 20. [15], Geographic distribution of the Aymara language, Suffixes not subcategorized for lexical categories, The other native American languages with more than one million speakers are. Aymara is, with Quechua, one of very few [Núñez & Sweetser, 2006, p. 403] languages in which speakers seem to represent the past as in front of them and the future as behind them. There are hundreds of possible combinations of roots and suffixes. A 18 kms. The normal word order in Aymara is Subject-Object-Verb. A member of a South American Indian people living mainly in Bolivia and Peru and believed to have been the builders of a great ancient culture that was later supplanted by that of the Incas. At September 2000, the Aymara leader Felipe Quispe, el Mallku was recognized as a national wide figure in Bolivia after a victorious strike demandig for rights of the indigenous people. The Aymara people are an indigenous South American group native to the Altiplano Region at the lower elevations of the Andes. Aymara has a relatively simple sound system that is similar to that of Quechua. The individual may be facing the queue, or it may be moving from left to right in front of him/her. [8] Aymara placenames are found all the way north into central Peru. Hardman has proposed the name 'Jaqi' ('human') while other widely respected Peruvian linguists have proposed alternative names for the same language family. This is the same family which in older usage was also known by the names Aru or Jaqi. Yannina and Sven quit their jobs and started a knitting factory in Peru together with Yannina’s family. Indeed, (Altiplano) Aymara is actually the one of two extant members of a wider language family, the other surviving representative being Jaqaru. The lack of a bilingual system of education and the discrimination against Aymara s… However, Cerrón Palomino disputes this claim and asserts that Colla were in fact Puquina speakers who were the rulers of Tiwanaku in the first and third centuries (2008:246). [citation needed] Besides being the alphabet employed by Protestant missionaries, it is also the one used for the translation of the Book of Mormon. There is increasing use of Aymara locally and there are increased numbers learning the language, both Bolivian and abroad. Mit ihm verwandt ist das Jaqaru (Kawki), das von etwa 700 Sprechern im Departement Lima gesprochen wird. Category:ay:All topics: Aymara terms organized by topic, such as "Family" or "Chemistry". ; Category:Aymara appendices: Pages containing additional information about Aymara. Grenzenlos arbeitet mit der Partnerorganisation ICYE Peru (Asociación Vida y Voluntariado -VIVOL). It is often assumed that the Aymara language descends from the language spoken in Tiwanaku on the grounds that it is the native language of that area today. From Puno at 07:00 am, taking the paved road leading to the border with Bolivia over some 150 km along the south shore of Lake Titicaca, begin leaving the Gulf of Puno at the Point and the beautiful CHIMU OJERANI rocky area, with graceful houses along the hillside. It is one of only a handful of Native American languages with over one million speakers. For instance, our future is laid out before us while our past is behind us. This man, who later assisted Viceroy Toledo in creating a system under which the indigenous population would be ruled for the next 200 years, wrote a report in 1559 entitled 'On the lineage of the Yncas and how they extended their conquests'[citation needed] in which he discusses land and taxation issues of the Aymara under the Inca empire. Case is affixed to the last element of a. Early Aymara peoples inhabited the same area they live in today, and they have continually lived in these areas for more than 5,000 years. The other uvular segment, /q/, is expressed by ⟨q⟩, but transcription rules mandate that the following vowel must be ⟨a, e, o⟩ (not ⟨i, u⟩), presumably to account for uvular lowering and to facilitate multilingual orthography. It was the first official record of an alphabet, but in 1914, Sisko Chukiwanka Ayulo and Julián Palacios Ríos had recorded what may be the first of many attempts to have one alphabet for both Quechua and Aymara, the Syentifiko Qheshwa-Aymara Alfabeto with 37 graphemes. LANGUAGE IN PERU The official language of Peru is the Spanish, and in the areas where prevail are also the Quechua, Aymara and other aboriginal languages. [citation needed] However, those words relate events to other events and are part of the moving-events metaphor. The alphabet created by the Comisión de Alfabetización y Literatura Aymara (CALA) was officially recognized in Bolivia in 1968 (co-existing with the 1954 Scientific Alphabet). In such environments one of the two vowels deletes: (i) if one of the two vowels is. Verbalizers: There are six suffixes whose primary function is to verbalize nominal roots (not including the reflexive -, Nominalizers: There are three suffixes are used to derive nouns: the agentive -, Stem external word-final suffixes (sometimes known as "independent suffixes") — There are three suffixes that are not classifiable as members of either nominal or verbal morphology and are not phrase-final suffixes: the emphatic -, Phrase-final suffixes (sometimes known as "sentence suffixes" in the literature) — Most Aymara phrases have at least one of the eleven (depending on variant) possible phrase-final suffixes to be grammatical. Back to Contents – Skip to Next: Aymara & Quechua. Aymara Southern spoken in Peru 3. In the table below, long vowels are marked with a colon. to … Terminology for this wider language family is not yet well established. there is no phonemic contrast between [p] and [b]), but each stop has three forms: plain (tenuis), glottalized, and aspirated. Weather conditions are cold and harsh, and agriculture is difficult. Quechua and Aymara are still prevalent and have official usage, with Spanish, in regions where they are heavily spoken. Spatial location — The nine spatial locations suffixes are likewise highly productive and not obligatory. The claims regarding Aymara involve the moving-ego metaphor. Others — In some varieties of Aymara, there are three suffixes not classified into the categories above: the verbal comparative -. They are mutually intelligible. The English sentences prepare for what lies before us and we are facing a prosperous future exemplify the metaphor. As many people know, the main language of Peru is Spanish, but other languages like Quechua and Aymara are also used. The language was then called Colla. The Aymara – a people with about two million members – live on the Altiplano in the Andean region of Bolivia, in southern Peru, and in northern Chile. Their early culture was one of the bases upon which the mighty Inca Empire's socioeconomic system was founded upon. Vowel deletion is frequent in Aymara. Vowel elision can be syntactically conditioned. Every instance of vowel deletion occurs for one of three reasons: (i) phonotactic, (ii) syntactic, and (iii) morphophonemic.[13]. Res… A given word can take several transpositional suffixes: There are two kinds of suffixes not subcategorized for lexical categories: Linguistic and gestural analysis by Núñez and Sweetser also asserts that the Aymara have an apparently unique (or at least very rare) understanding of time. The altiplano is at an elevation of 10,000 to 12,000 feet (3,000 to 3,700 meters) above sea level. The language that is normally called ‘Aymara’ is well-known to be spoken in much of the Altiplano, the ‘high plain’ at an altitude of around 4000 m that covers much of western Bolivia and the far south of Peru. of Lima, in central Peru. Many different spelling systems have been used over the years. All suffixes can be categorized into the nominal, verbal, transpositional and those not subcategorized for lexical category (including stem-external word-level suffixes and phrase-final suffixes),[13] as below: All verbs require at least one suffix to be grammatical. It was approved by the III Congreso Indigenista Interamericano de la Paz in 1954, though its origins can be traced as far back as 1931. Population. More precisely, according the last censuses of both Bolivia (1992) and Chile (1992) and Perú (1993) there are 1.237.658 Bolivian Aymara speakers, 296.465 Peruvian speakers and 48.477 Chilean ones. All rights reserved. open_in_new Link to source ; warning Request revision ; Cusco (Perú) “Khoka, (La Planta) vocablo aymara con el cual fue denominada en sus orígenes”. Similarly, the meaning of the word that contains a member of this category is typically (but not consistently) predictable. Rs. 247,000. In 2007, the knitwear label Aymara was born. Mit dem Aymara bildet es die Aymara-Sprachfamilie. Aymara has 26 consonant phonemes. info)) people are an indigenous nation in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America; about 2.3 million live in Bolivia, Peru and Chile.Their ancestors lived in the region for many centuries before becoming a subject people of the Inca in the late 15th or early 16th century, and later of the Spanish in the 16th century. In Bolivien gibt es 36 verschiedene Volksgruppen, die alle ihre eigene Sprache sprechen. There are three Jaqi languages: Jaqaru and Kawki, spoken only in Peru, and Aymara, spoken primarily in Bolivia and Peru. Stress usually falls on the penultimate (next-to-last) syllable. Aymara is a highly agglutinative, suffixal language. Their semantic affect is usually transparent. Stops show no distinction of voice (e.g. [citation needed]. The high vowels are lowered to mid height when near uvular consonants (/i/ → [e], /u/ → [o]). English Cusco (Peru) “Khoka, (the Plant), Aymara word for its early origins”. Das Aymara (auch Aimara) gehört mit 2,2 Mio. English is a language that many people linked to the tourism sector dominate, and the tourist operators dominate other foreign languages, as German, French, Italian, Japanese, etc. Privacy Policy Main Language. Is Aymara Alone? In this document, he uses the term aymaraes to refer to the people. Aymara (IPA: [ajˈma.ɾa] (listen); also Aymar aru) is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Bolivian Andes. Aymara, large South American Indian group living on the Altiplano —a vast windy plateau of the central Andes in Peru and Bolivia—with smaller numbers in Argentina … Aymara Lupaca Reserved Zone - The Aymara Lupaca Reserved Zone was a protected area in southeastern Peru, set up in 1996, with an area of around 200,000 hectares. There are no historical records of its origin but it has been spoken for centuries. It has a subject–object–verb word order. Yet during the last few decades, these people, who live in a flood- and drought-prone region at an altitude of 12,500 ft., have shown a remarkable ability to adapt to rapidly changing conditions. There are also contexts in which the word formed has a meaning that significantly differs from that of the root to which it attaches. The best account of the history of Aymara is that of Cerrón-Palomino, who shows that the ethnonym Aymara, which came from the glottonym, is likely derived from the Quechuaized toponym ayma-ra-y 'place of communal property'. In Bolivia and Peru, intercultural bilingual education programs with Aymara and Spanish have been introduced in the last two decades. Their argument is mainly within the framework of conceptual metaphor, which recognizes in general two subtypes of the metaphor "the passage of time is motion:" one is "time passing is motion over a landscape" (or "moving-ego"), and the other is "time passing is a moving object" ("moving-events"). Aspect — This category is complicated insofar as it is made up of a diverse array of suffix types, some of which are more productive and/or obligatory than others. Take a look at Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Aymara Central. Did you know that the word alpaca came from Aymara allpaca, the name of the animal? It is also spoken, to a much lesser extent, by some communities in northern Chile, where it is a recognized minority language. Transpositional morphology consists of verbalizers (that operate on the root or phrasal levels) and nominalizers (including an action nominalizer, an agentive, and a resultative). The meaning expressed when a word receives one of these suffixes is predictable. Aymara has three phonemic vowels /a i u/, which, in most varieties of the language, distinguish two degrees of length. Sounds such as [ʃ, x, ŋ] exist as allophones of /t͡ʃ, χ, n/. Hardman, Martha James, Juana Vásquez, and Juan de Dios Yapita. Although there are indeed similarities, like the nearly-identical phonologies, the majority position among linguists today is that the similarities are better explained as areal features rising from prolonged cohabitation, rather than natural genealogical changes that would stem from a common protolanguage. Events are in a queue, with prior events towards the front of the line. [citation needed] This alphabet has five vowels ⟨a, e, i, o, u⟩, aspiration is conveyed with an ⟨h⟩ next to the consonant, and ejectives with ⟨'⟩. The copula verb “be” is not used in equational sentences, e.g.. The book is by Ludovico Bertonio (1555−1628), an Italian Jesuit missionary who labored among the Aymara Indians of southern Peru and Bolivia, and who wrote several important works about the Aymara language. Some varieties additionally also have (1) the suffix -, Case suffixes - Syntactic relations are generally case-marked, with the exception of the unmarked subject. Vocabvlario dela lengva aymara: Primera y segvnda partes (Dictionary of the Aymara language: First and second parts) was published in Lima, Peru, in 1612. Aymara is the result of the love story between a Belgian engineer, Sven Van Gucht, who met Yannina Esquivias, a young Peruvian travel agent, during a sabbatical year and fell in love. Some scholars have grouped Aymara together with Quechua because the two languages share about a third of their vocabulary. Occasionally, the amount of disease in a community rises above the expected level. Translations in context of "AYMARA" in english-french. Spanish is the official language along with the various Indigenous languages in areas where they predominate. Stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable, but long vowels may shift it. It is spoken by the indigenous Aymara people in Bolivia, Peru, Northern Chile, and Argentina (Ethnologue). Ethnologue: 1.785 million in Bolivia in 1987; 442 thousand of the central dialect in Peru in 2000, plus an unknown number of speakers of the southern dialect in Peru; 900 in Chile in 1994 out of a much larger ethnic population. With the Future Behind Them : Convergent Evidence From Aymara Language and Gesture in the Crosslinguistic Comparison of Spatial Construals of Time. Aymara, Central spoken in Bolivia 2. The fact that English has words like before and after that are (currently or archaically) polysemous between 'front/earlier' or 'back/later' may seem to refute the claims regarding Aymara uniqueness. The meaning of a word which is affixed with a member of this category is often but not always predictable, and the word formed may have a different meaning than the root. Although it is an official language in Bolivia, it is underrepresented in the public sphere, where Spanish dominates. Christianity . Send us a photo of this people group. A word in a polysynthetic language can express a meaning which would require a whole sentence in many other languages, e.g., Kunjamaskatasa ‘How are you?’. Most studies of the language focused on either the Aymara spoken on the southern Peruvian shore of Lake Titicaca or the Aymara spoken around La Paz. Das Land ist damit flächenmäßig das drittgrößte Land in Südamerika. The phrase-final suffix must appear minimally on a noun, noun phrase, verb, or verb phrase (note that two phrase-final suffixes, the additive -. The first official alphabet to be adopted for Aymara was the Scientific Alphabet. Aymara is a language as well as a people: it is a native American language spoken by over a million people in Bolivia and several large communities in Peru, Chile and Argentina. The class of vowel-suppressing suffixes cannot be defined in terms of some common morphological, morpho-syntactic, or semantic feature. Aymara is a language spoken by aproximately 1.600.000 persons around the Titicaca lake. Until recently, anthropologists routinely characterized the Aymara of the altiplano (high Andean plateau) around Lake Titicaca in southern Peru as almost pathologically inflexible and fatalistic. In Bolivia, they are the second-largest indigenous community (following the Quechua) with about 1.5 million members – thus representing 25 percent of the Bolivian population. 98.00% Evangelical. Terms of Use Mood and modality — Mood and modality includes mood, evidentials, event modality, and the imperative. Below are some common Aymaran words and phrases. Intermediate Aymara shares dialectical features with both Northern and Southern Aymara and is found in the eastern half of the Tacna and Moquegua departments in southern Peru and in the northeastern tip of Chile. These forms are among the most inflectional-like of the verbal suffixes insofar as they are all obligatory and productive. La lauréate 2000 - Bolivie-Chili-Pérou, Gladys VASQUEZ POMA: En novembre … / Status How difficult is it to learn Aymara? 20 % af landets befolkning og er landets største gruppe af oprindelige folk. Jaqaru, a severely endangered member of the Aymaran language family, still spoken by 740 people in Peru. Adjectives precede the nouns they modify. Aymara also has a tapped /ɾ/, and an alveolar/palatal contrast for nasals and laterals, as well as two semivowels (/w/ and /j/). Aymara has no descendants or varieties listed in Wiktionary's language data modules. In the province of Tupe/Yauyos, at 300 Km southeast of Lima … Weitere Amtssprachen sind Quechua und Aymara. © 2014 - 2021. [4] It is also spoken, to a much lesser extent, by some communities in northern Chile, where it is a recognized minority language. Nominal and verbal morphology is characterized by derivational- and inflectional-like suffixes as well as non-productive suffixes. They are mutually intelligible. Home / Bibleless Nations / Southern Aymara of Peru. The Aymara homeland was, probably, in the Andes of central or southern Peru from where it was partially displaced by Quechua into the highlands of Bolivia, particularly around Lake Titicaca. Although the final vowel of a word is elided except at the end of a phrase, the stress remains unchanged. The phonological/morphophonological processes observed include syllabic reduction, epenthesis, deletion, and reduplication.[13][14]. PROGRAM . There are three main varieties of Aymara (Ethnologue). The Aymarais the traditional language of this human group. Suffixes not subcategorized for lexical category can be divided into three stem-external, word-level suffixes (otherwise known as "independent suffixes") and around a dozen phrase-final suffixes (otherwise known as "sentence suffixes"). Largest Religion. The term polysynthetic means that there is a high ratio of morphemes per word. er en oprindelig nation i Sydamerika lokaliseret i Andesbjergene og på højsletten Altiplano; der lever omkring 2 millioner aymaraer i Bolivia, Peru og Chile.Aymaraerne udgør i Bolivia ca. Several other attempts followed, with varying degrees of success. Christian. The table below shows the consonants of Central Aymara (based on. History and Cultural Relations. In this standard orthography, the consonants are represented as shown below. That is very far from certain, however, and most specialists now incline to the idea that Aymara did not expand into the Tiwanaku area until rather recently, as it spread southwards from an original homeland that was more likely to have been in Central Peru. There are three main varieties of Aymara (Ethnologue). Aymara is an agglutinative, and to some degree, a polysynthetic language. Person/tense — Person and tense are fused into a unitary suffix. Contact Us, Foreign language learning is real world education, /q, x, X, ʎ / have no equivalents in English. It is believed that Colla was the name of an Aymara nation at the time of conquest, and later was the southernmost region of the Inca empire Collasuyu. Aymara has three vowel phonemes, i.e., sounds that distinguish word meaning. The latter metaphor does not explicitly involve the individual/speaker. Southern Aymara of Peru. Parallel Aymara examples describe future days as qhipa uru, literally 'back days', and they are sometimes accompanied by gestures to behind the speaker. There are efforts to promote the use of the traditional language but about one-third of the population can no longer speak it. more_vert. woman.ch. Die Hauptstadt ist Lima. Progress Scale . Some suffixes always suppress the preceding vowel, and some lose their own nucleus under predictable conditions. Many of the early grammars employed unique alphabets as well as the one of Middendorf's Aymara-Sprache (1891). There are even projects to offer Aymara through the internet, such as by ILCA. The same applies to Quechua-speakers, whose expression qhipa p'unchaw corresponds directly to Aymara qhipa uru. Aymara nouns are not marked for gender, number or case. 12.00% Progress. In Puno city, which is the capital of Puno departament in Peru, the native Aymara speaker Gregorio Ticona Gomez was elected as the major of the city for the period 1998-2003. Aymara Lorenzo - Aymara Lorenzo Ferrigni (born 26 December 1972, Caracas) is a Venezuelan journalist and audiovisual producer.She worked for the TV channel Globovisión. The entire history of this term is thoroughly outlined in his book, Voces del Ande (2008:19–32) and Lingüística Aimara.[7]. Possibly, the metaphor is from the fact that the past is visible (in front of one's eyes), but the future is not. Besides words shared with Quechuan languages, Aymara also has a substantial number of Spanish loanwords, e.g., lapisawa ‘pencil’ from Spanish ‘lapiz’, Winustiyas fom Spanish ‘Buenos dias’. HERE are many translated example sentences containing "AYMARA" - english-french translations and search engine for english translations. Until recently, Aymara had a form of non-standardized picture writing, used mostly to write Christian religious texts. Direction of motion — Although these suffixes are quite productive, they are not obligatory. No 1593 (Deza Galindo 1989, 17). Sprechern zusammen mit dem Quechua und dem Guaraní zu den heute am meisten gesprochenen indigenen Sprachen Südamerikas. The Aymara are considered descendants of some of the earliest inhabitants of the continent and possible founders of the so-called Tiahuanaco (Tiwanaku) high culture, estimated to have existed from between 500 and 200 b.c.