[200] The Queen Victoria Building was designed in Romanesque Revival fashion by George McRae and completed in 1898. Early Sydney was moulded by the hardship suffered by early settlers. Bankstown is also the fourth busiest airport in Australia by the number of aircraft movements. This area includes suburbs in the local government areas of Hornsby Shire, City of Ryde, the Municipality of Hunter's Hill and parts of the City of Parramatta. [345] Horse racing remains popular to this day and events such as the Golden Slipper Stakes attract widespread attention. It was found in 1788. Sydney Opera House The opera of Sydney is called as one of the most popular modern buildings of the 20th century. [361] The city is also the home of numerous branches of the intermediate District Court of New South Wales and the lower Local Court of New South Wales. Das macht sie zur größten Stadt in ganz Ozeanien. [173], To the northwest, Featherdale Wildlife Park, an Australian zoo in Doonside, near Blacktown, is a major tourist attraction, not just for Western Sydney, but for NSW and Australia. [318] Since the infancy of the establishment, much of the literature set in Sydney were concerned with life in the city's slums and working-class communities, notably William Lane's The Working Man's Paradise (1892), Christina Stead's Seven Poor Men of Sydney (1934) and Ruth Park's The Harp in the South (1948). [266] The Australian Securities Exchange began operating in 1987 and with a market capitalisation of $1.6 trillion is now one of the ten largest exchanges in the world. It was built in a brick stone veneer and demolished in 1972 to make way for Harry Seidler's MLC Centre. The Upper North Shore usually refers to the suburbs between Chatswood and Hornsby. [47], The colony was not founded on the principles of freedom and prosperity. [404] Since 1995, there have been significant developments in the analysis of air pollution in the Sydney metropolitan region. [101] The hottest day in the Sydney metropolitan area occurred in Penrith on 4 January 2020, where a high of 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) was recorded. [188] Greenway went on to design the Hyde Park Barracks in 1819 and the Georgian style St James's Church in 1824. Healthcare facilities remained hopelessly inadequate despite the arrival of a prefabricated hospital with the Second Fleet and the construction of brand new hospitals at Parramatta, Windsor, and Liverpool in the 1790s. Many of the convicts that survived the trip from England continued to suffer from dysentery, smallpox, scurvy, and typhoid. [377] The Prince of Wales Hospital was established in 1852 and became the first of several major hospitals to be opened in the coming decades. [132], The regions of Sydney include the CBD or City of Sydney (colloquially referred to as 'the City') and Inner West, the Eastern Suburbs, Southern Sydney (including St George and Sutherland Shire), Greater Western Sydney (including South Western Sydney, Hills District and the Macarthur Region), and Northern Sydney (including the North Shore and Northern Beaches). Sydney's iconic Opera House was opened in 1973 by Her Majesty. [12] In the 2016 Census, about 35.8% of residents spoke a language other than English at home. [131] The city is rarely affected by cyclones, although remnants of ex-cyclones do affect the city. Governor Phillip departed the colony for England on 11 December 1792, with the new settlement having survived near starvation and immense isolation for four years. The highest court in the state is the Supreme Court of New South Wales which is located in Queen's Square in Sydney. Sydney Cricket Ground was opened in 1878 and is used for both cricket and Australian rules football fixtures.[345]. In der Städteplatzierung des Beratungsunternehmens Mercer belegte sie im Jahr 2018 unter 231 Großstädten weltweit den elften Platz in dieser Rubrik. The Northern Beaches area extends south to the entrance of Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour), west to Middle Harbour and north to the entrance of Broken Bay. The North Shore includes the commercial centres of North Sydney and Chatswood. [187] The lighthouse and its Classical design earned Greenway a pardon from Macquarie in 1818 and introduced a culture of refined architecture that remains to this day. The indigenous people of Sydney held totemic beliefs known as "dreamings". A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851, and over the next century, Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre. [258] The median weekly income for the same period was $719 for individuals, $1,988 for families, and $1,750 for household. Governor Lachlan Macquarie's vision for Sydney included the construction of grand public buildings and institutions fit for a colonial capital. [386] The most important roads in Sydney were the nine Metroads, including the 110-kilometre (68-mile) Sydney Orbital Network. [270], In 1985 the Federal Government granted 16 banking licences to foreign banks and now 40 of the 43 foreign banks operating in Australia are based in Sydney, including the People's Bank of China, Bank of America, Citigroup, UBS, Mizuho Bank, Bank of China, Banco Santander, Credit Suisse, Standard Chartered, State Street, HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Barclays, Royal Bank of Canada, Société Générale, Royal Bank of Scotland, Sumitomo Mitsui, ING Group, BNP Paribas, and Investec. [38] Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not commissioned to start a settlement. On the city harbour edge, the historic suburb and wharves of Millers Point are being built up as the new area of Barangaroo. [221] The largest industries by employment across Greater Sydney are Health Care and Social Assistance with 11.6%, Professional Services with 9.8%, Retail Trade with 9.3%, Construction with 8.2%, Education and Training with 8.0%, Accommodation and Food Services 6.7%, and Financial and Insurance Services with 6.6%. Local government areas have responsibilities such as local roads, libraries, child care, community services and waste collection, whereas the state government retains responsibility for main roads, traffic control, public transport, policing, education, and major infrastructure project. The event is attended by fashion journalists, magazine editors, bloggers and fashion buyers. Die Stadt gilt als eine der Städte mit der größten Lebensqualität weltweit. Reichen Sie Ihre lustigen Spitznamen und coolen … For example, the Hills District Historical Society restricts its definition to the Hills Shire local government area, yet its study area extends from Parramatta to the Hawkesbury. [128], In spring and summer, black nor'easters are usually the cause of heavy rain events, though other forms of low-pressure areas may also bring heavy deluge and afternoon thunderstorms. The rising sea level between 18,000 and 6,000 years ago flooded the rias to form estuaries and deep harbours. Sydney is a city on the east coast of Australia which is the capital city of New South Wales. The live medium lost much of its popularity to the cinema during the Great Depression before experiencing a revival after World War II. It is estimated that half of the native people in Sydney died during the smallpox epidemic of 1789. [78] The sand that was to become the sandstone of today was washed there by rivers from the south and northwest and laid down between 360 and 200 million years ago. Southern Sydney includes the suburbs in the local government areas of former Rockdale, Georges River Council (collectively known as the St George area), and broadly it also includes the suburbs in the local government area of Sutherland, south of the Georges River (colloquially known as 'The Shire'). Its collection was founded in the 1940s by artist and art collector John Power and has been maintained by the University of Sydney. [16], From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2015–16:ESTIMATED RESIDENT POPULATION – Australia's capital city populations, June 2016", "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15: New South Wales: Population Density", "Greater Sydney: Basic Community Profile", Geographical Names Board of New South Wales, https://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/learn/archives-history/sydneys-history/aboriginal-history, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sydney&oldid=7346290, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. [255] It was made up of 61.2% full-time workers, 30.9% part-time workers, and 6.0% unemployed individuals. Sydney's beaches had become popular seaside holiday resorts, but daylight sea bathing was considered indecent until the early 20th century.[49]. The Sydney Basin was formed when the Earth's crust expanded, subsided, and filled with sediment in the early Triassic period. [351], The Royal Sydney Golf Club is based in Rose Bay and since its opening in 1893 has hosted the Australian Open on 13 occasions. Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro (born 5 February 1985), better known as Cristiano Ronaldo, or by his nickname 'CR7', is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward.He plays for Serie A club Juventus and is the captain of the Portuguese national team.He is considered to be one of the greatest footballers of all time, and, by some, as the greatest ever. [191][192] Kirribilli House, completed in 1858, and St Andrew's Cathedral, Australia's oldest cathedral,[193] are rare examples of Victorian Gothic construction. [287] For each decade since 1961 the population has increased by more than 250,000. 1998. The Sydney Morning Herald is Australia's oldest newspaper still in print. Foxtel is based in North Ryde and sells subscription cable television to most parts of the urban area. Residents of the city are known as "Sydneysiders". [320] Contemporary writers, such as Elizabeth Harrower, were born in the city and thus set most of the work there–Harrower's debut novel Down in the City (1957) was mostly set in a King's Cross apartment. Sharples, J.J. Mills, G.A., McRae, R.H.D., Weber, R.O. It established three new courts, including the Supreme Court, and dictated that English law was to be followed. [214] The tallest structure is Sydney Tower, designed by Donald Crone and completed in 1981. In 1788, the First Fleet of convicts, led by Arthur Phillip, founded Sydney as a British penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. [234] It is regarded for its well-preserved records of indigenous habitation and more than 800 rock engravings, cave drawings and middens have been located in the park. [278] On average, the tourism industry contributes $36 million to the city's economy per day. Since its completion in 1973 the city's Opera House has become a World Heritage Site and one of the world's most renowned pieces of Modern design. The Great Depression of the 1930s had a severe effect on Sydney's economy, as it did with most cities throughout the industrial world. "Eora" is the term the indigenous population used to explain their origins upon first contact with the British. [222] Median house prices have increased by an average of 8.6% per annum since 1970. The median weekly rent in Sydney is $450. There was a 30% increase in the number of apartments in Sydney between 1996 and 2006. Some of them are commemorated in the Sydney Writers Walk at Circular Quay. The region now mainly features medium- and high-density housing. [101] Sydney experiences an urban heat island effect. [324], Filmmaking in Sydney was quite prolific until the 1920s when spoken films were introduced and American productions gained dominance in Australian cinema. The city's other prominent theatre companies are New Theatre, Belvoir, and Griffin Theatre Company. Erfahren Sie mehr interessante Fakten über Victor Vasarely auf artnet. Power, S., Tseitkin, F., Torok, S., Lavery, B., Dahni, R. and McAvaney, B. [289] It has been forecast that the population will grow to between 8 and 8.9 million by 2061. The city is also prone to severe storms. There are also agriculture shows where children can learn more about farm animals as well as animal feeding areas. [278], Popular destinations include the Sydney Opera House, the Sydney Harbour Bridge, Watsons Bay, The Rocks, Sydney Tower, Darling Harbour, the State Library of New South Wales, the Royal Botanic Garden, the Australian Museum, the Museum of Contemporary Art, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, the Queen Victoria Building, Sea Life Sydney Aquarium, Taronga Zoo, Bondi Beach, and Sydney Olympic Park. The Inner West generally includes the Inner West Council, Municipality of Burwood, Municipality of Strathfield, and City of Canada Bay. [354], The Constitution Act of 1855 gave New South Wales a bicameral government. SYDNEY. It moved from George Street to Campbell Street to its current setting in Dixon Street in 1980. [103] The average annual temperature of the sea ranges from 18.5 °C (65.3 °F) in September to 23.7 °C (74.7 °F) in February. [257], In 2016, 57.6% of working age residents had a total weekly income of less than $1,000 and 14.4% had a total weekly income of $1,750 or more. [267] The Commonwealth Bank of Australia was formed in Sydney in 1911 and began to issue notes backed by the resources of the nation. Autumn and spring are the transitional seasons, with spring showing a larger temperature variation than autumn. [63], After a period of rapid growth, further discoveries of gold in Victoria began drawing new residents away from Sydney towards Melbourne in the 1850s, which created a historically strong rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne. To relieve congestion on the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the Sydney Harbour Tunnel opened in August 1992. As a result, the city has become a cosmopolitan melting pot. Results 1-20 of 680,185 [79] Sydney features two major soil types; sandy soils (which originate from the Hawkesbury sandstone) and clay (which are from shales and volcanic rocks), though some soils may be a mixture of the two. [2] 44.9% of renters for the same period had weekly rent of less than $350 whilst 51.7% had weekly rent of $350 or more. [375], Governor Lachlan Macquarie arranged for the construction of Sydney Hospital and saw it completed in 1816. The National Institute of Dramatic Art is based in Sydney and has several famous alumni such as Mel Gibson, Judy Davis, Baz Luhrmann, Cate Blanchett, Hugo Weaving and Jacqueline Mckenzie.[327]. Seventy beaches can be found along its coastline with Bondi Beach being one of the most famous. Bus services today are conducted by a mixture of Government and private operators. Most foreign companies in Sydney maintain significant sales and service functions but comparably less production, research, and development capabilities. Sydney also features a few areas of wet sclerophyll forests which are found in the wetter, elevated areas in the north and the northeast. 2 RStV)Rungestr. Coetzee's Diary of a Bad Year (2007) and Kate Grenville's The Secret River (2010). Charles Sturt University and Southern Cross University, both public universities, operate secondary campuses only designated for international students. [107][108] In late spring and summer, temperatures over 35 °C (95 °F) are not uncommon,[109] though hot, dry conditions are usually ended by a southerly buster,[110] a powerful southerly that brings gale winds and a rapid fall in temperature. Conflicts arose between the governors and the officers of the Rum Corps, many of which were land owners such as John Macarthur. Located on Australia’s southeastern coast, Sydney is the country’s largest city and, with its magnificent harbour and strategic position, is one of the most important ports in the South Pacific. [221] 48.9% of families are couples with children, 33.5% are couples without children, and 15.7% are single-parent families. Jones, I., and Verdel, C. (2015). The settlers were mostly convicts from crowded prisons in England and Ireland, with a group of soldiers to guard them. [311] The Sydney Observatory building was constructed in 1859 and used for astronomy and meteorology research until 1982 before being converted into a museum.[312]. Sydney is home to nine of the sixteen teams in the National Rugby League competition: Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, Penrith Panthers, Parramatta Eels, South Sydney Rabbitohs, St George Illawarra Dragons, Sydney Roosters, and Wests Tigers. The Sydney Bears and Sydney Ice Dogs play in the Australian Ice Hockey League. Edit Search New Search Filters (1). Maguire, M., 'Atkinson, (Caroline) Louisa Waring', in R. Aitken and M. Looker (eds), Qantas Farewell Flight B747-400 Queen of the Skies - Sydney Final Flight QF747, Globalization and World Cities Research Network, agreed to form the Commonwealth of Australia, Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse, Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones, Local government areas of New South Wales, New South Wales Division of Local Government, "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2019–20", "Greater Sydney: Basic Community Profile", Geographical Names Board of New South Wales, "Complete official list of Sydney suburbs", "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2016–17: Main Features", "Aboriginal history and the Gadigal people", "Manly Council – Manly Heritage & History", "Census 2016: Migrants make a cosmopolitan country", "The world loves Sydney. The North Shore, an informal geographic term referring to the northern metropolitan area of Sydney, consists of Artarmon, Chatswood, Roseville, Lindfield, Killara, Gordon, Pymble, Hornsby and many others. [426][427][428][429], Obtaining sufficient fresh water was difficult during early colonial times. Actual suburbs and localities that are considered to be in the Hills District can be somewhat amorphous and variable. In Sydney, there are many famous buildings: the Sydney Opera House, the Queen Victoria Building and the Sydney Harbour Bridge. [316], Many writers have originated in and set their work in Sydney. To the south of The Domain is Hyde Park, the oldest public parkland in Australia which measures 16.2 hectares (0.1 square miles) in area. [68] Construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge served to alleviate some of the effects of the economic downturn by employing 1,400 men between 1924 and 1932. [325] The Australian New Wave of filmmaking saw a resurgence in film production in the city–with many notable features shot in the city between the 1970s and 80s, helmed by directors such as Bruce Beresford, Peter Weir and Gillian Armstrong. [174] Westfield Parramatta in Parramatta is Australia's busiest Westfield shopping centre, having 28.7 million customer visits per annum. [425] Sydney has also become a leader in the development of green office buildings and enforcing the requirement of all building proposals to be energy-efficient. [360] The Cabinet of Australia also meets in Sydney when needed. John Verge's Elizabeth Bay House and St Philip's Church of 1856 were built in Gothic Revival style along with Edward Blore's Government House of 1845. The first and only major convict uprising in Australian history suppressed under martial law, the rebellion ended in a battle fought between convicts and the colonial forces of Australia at Rouse Hill. [42] The Society exists "for the encouragement of studies and investigations in science, art, literature, and philosophy". Covering 5,800 square kilometres (2,200 sq mi) and having an estimated resident population as at 2017 of 2,288,554, western Sydney has the most multicultural suburbs in the country. Spitznamen, coole Schriftarten, Symbole und Tags im Zusammenhang mit Sydney – Syd, Squidney, Syd the kid, Squid, Sydward, Sydney . [127] In late autumn and winter, east coast lows may bring large amounts of rainfall, especially in the CBD. Most of Sydney's water storages can be found on tributaries of the Nepean River. Due to environmental and economic pressures, there has been a noted trend towards denser housing. [2] The Professional Services and Financial and Insurance Services industries account for 25.4% of employment within the City of Sydney. One-tenth of the state's population attended a New South Wales versus New Zealand rugby match in 1907. More than 50,000 international students study at the city's universities and a further 50,000 study at its vocational and English language schools. Suburbs surrounding the CBD include Woolloomooloo and Potts Point to the east, Surry Hills and Darlinghurst to the south, Pyrmont and Ultimo to the west, and Millers Point and The Rocks to the north. [343] Competing stations include the more popular 2GB, 702 ABC Sydney, KIIS 106.5, Triple M, Nova 96.9, and 2Day FM.[344]. Sydney is on the east coast from the Pacific Ocean. The 2000 Summer Olympics were held in Sydney and became known as the "best Olympic Games ever" by the President of the International Olympic Committee. [356] It became responsible for advising the ruling Governor on matters related to the administration of the state. [299] In 2011, 28.3% of Sydney residents identified themselves as Catholic, whilst 17.6% practised no religion. [35], The first people to inhabit the area now known as Sydney were indigenous Australians who had migrated from northern Australia and before that from southeast Asia. Sydney has public, denominational, and independent schools. 'Northern Sydney' may also include the suburbs in the Upper North Shore, Lower North Shore and the Northern Beaches. [2], Macquarie gave a charter in 1817 to form the first bank in Australia, the Bank of New South Wales. [11] The first people to occupy the area were Australian Aboriginals.[12]. [260], Home ownership in Sydney was less common than renting prior to the Second World War but this trend has since reversed. The development led to the release of the Metropolitan Air Quality Scheme (MAQS), which led to a broader understanding of the causation of pollution in Sydney, allowing the government to form appropriate responses to the pollution. [34] As the busiest airport in Australia it handled 37.9 million passengers in 2013 and 530,000 tonnes of freight in 2011. Sydney ist Sitz des römisch-katholischen Erzbistums Sydney und der Diözese Sydney der Anglican Church of Australia. [27][260] Western Sydney continues to struggle to create jobs to meet its population growth despite the development of commercial centres like Parramatta. Temperance coffee palaces, hotels as well as other civic buildings such as libraries and museums were erected in the city. [290] Despite this increase, the Australian Bureau of Statistics predicts that Melbourne will replace Sydney as Australia's most populous city by 2026. The terrace style housing has largely been retained and Darlinghurst has undergone significant gentrification since the 1980s. Obyvatelé Sydney nemají v češtině jednoslovné pojmenování. [433] The Sydney Desalination Plant came into operation in 2010.[430]. Sydney, with a population of 481,000, then became the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney [ˈsɪdni] IPA je nejrozlehlejší a nejlidnatější město v Austrálii, jde o hlavní město Nového jižního Walesu.Sydney se nachází na severovýchodním pobřeží Tasmanova moře.Se svou populací přesahující 4,5 milionů obyvatel (v metropolitní oblasti) je nejlidnatější obcí v Oceánii. [24][25] Structured finance was pioneered in Sydney and the city is a leading hub for asset management firms. Informally there are at least 15 regions. [21][22] Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity,[23] Sydney has an advanced market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing and tourism. [215] Regulations limited new buildings to a height of 235 metres (771 feet) due to the proximity of Sydney Airport, although strict restrictions employed in the early 2000s have slowly been relaxed in the past ten years, with a maximum height restriction now sitting at 330 metres (1083 feet). The modern history of the city began with the arrival of a First Fleet of British ships … A total of 39,000 tonnes of structural steel span the 503 metres (1,650 feet) between Milsons Point and Dawes Point.[69][205]. [386] 84.9% of Sydney households own a motor vehicle and 46.5% own two or more. [306], The Australian Museum opened in Sydney in 1827 with the purpose of collecting and displaying the natural wealth of the colony. State Transit alone operated a fleet of 2,169 buses and serviced over 160 million passengers during 2014. Sydney, with a population of 481,000, then became the state capital of New South Wales. The region is so named for its characteristically comparatively hilly topography as the Cumberland Plain lifts up, joining the Hornsby Plateau. ", "Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article)", https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/1GSYD?opendocument, http://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/UCL101001?opendocument, "Tokyo ranks as the world's safest city for the third time", "Bars, clubs celebrate as Sydney's lockout laws get lifted", "Review: Down in the City by Elizabeth Harrower", "Australian pride is its 'new wave' of films", "Where to party in Australia on New Year's Eve", "Breaking: news and hearts at the Herald", "Major players maintain leading shares in second radio ratings survey of 2010", "Responsible government and colonial development", "List of selective and agricultural high schools", "Sydney is Australia's most valuable location, but public transport is its weakness", "Light Rail Patronage – Monthly Comparison", "CBD and South East Light Rail contract awarded with earlier delivery date", "Transport minister Andrew Constance says new Sydney Metro train line a 'massive city shaping project, "New metro train stations in Sydney could be built in Crows Nest or St Leonards and Artarmon by 2024", "Tony Abbott confirms Badgerys Creek as site of second Sydney airport", "Look who's polluting: Sydney Water's shame", "Air Pollution in Sydney: An Update Briefing Paper", "Sydney smoke haze reaches 11 times the hazardous level", "Sydney smoke: bushfires haze smothers landmarks – in pictures", "Bushfire smoke makes Sydney air quality worse than Delhi", "Sydney fire haze equal to 'smoking 32 cigarettes, "Car dependence in Australian cities: a discussion of causes, environmental impact and possible solutions", "CBDs turning into no-car zones as the great divide grows", "City clears the way on pollution-free car fleet", "Sydney Becomes Australia's First Carbon-Neutral Government Body", "It's official, Sydney is first carbon neutral council", "Building owners applaud city's ambitious master plan", "Sydney businesses cotton on: climate change action is good for the bottom line", "City of Sydney extends solar roll out to historic Rocks", "Sydney Central Park project shows sustainable living", Dictionary of Sydney – the history of Sydney, Understanding Society Through its Records – John Curtin Library, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sydney&oldid=1017178245, Geographic Names Register of NSW different from Wikidata, Articles with dead external links from September 2018, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 April 2021, at 08:47.