They are the largest ethnic group in Sub-Sahara Africa, with an estimated population of over 80 million. While the top three tribes remain as Yoruba, Hausa, and Igbo, it is difficult to say which one holds the number one position. The objectives of her conquests were twofold: extension of her nation beyond its primary borders and reducing the conquered cities to a vassal status. [42], Other Hausa have mixed with ethnic groups southwards such as the Yoruba of old Oyo, Nupe and Igbirra in the northern fringes of the forest belt and in similar fashion to their Sahelian neighbors have heavily influenced the cultures of these groups. The Cuisine of Niger. [61], From 1804 to 1808, the Fulani, another Islamic African ethnic group that spanned West Africa and have settled in Hausaland since the early 1500s, with support of already oppressed Hausa peasants revolted against oppressive cattle tax and religious persecution under the new king of Gobir, whose predecessor and father had tolerated Muslim evangelists and even favoured the leading Muslim cleric of the day, Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio whose life the new king had sought end. You can often meet men in trousers and long shirt (robe called juanni) over the narrow-sleeve-shirt that has an embroidered collar. Daura 6. Hausa-Fulani Culture is spread on the West and North of the country. Kano 3. The Hausa tribe is one of the three prominent ethnic groups in Nigeria. The tribe is made up of a diverse but culturally homogeneous people based primarily in the Sahelian and Sudanian areas of northern Nigeria and southeastern Niger, with significant numbers, also living in parts of Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Chad, Togo, Ghana, and Sudan. Hausa is the most widely spoken language in West Africa and the primary language spoken in all northern states in Nigeria. They are considered the 4th largest Muslim bloc in the world. Foods preferred by these tribes include vegetables (pumpkin, spinach, okra) with soup or porridge and fish. A shared tradition with other Afro-Asiatic speakers like Berbers, Habesha, (ancient) Egyptians and Arab peoples, both Hausa men and women use kohl ('kwalli') around the eyes as an eye shadow, with the area below the eye receiving a thicker line than that of the top. There are also large Hausa communities in every major African city in neighbourhoods called zangos or zongos, meaning "caravan camp" in Hausa (denoting the trading post origins of these communities). All women usually dress up to cover all the main parts of the body. The Hausa city states emerged as southern terminals of the Trans-Saharan caravan trade. The Hausas and the Fulanis make up a significant portion of Nigeria (by population and even landmass). Clothing: The Hausas… [52] The primary exports were leather, gold, cloth, salt, kola nuts, slaves, animal hides, and henna. This pluralist attitude toward ethnic-identity and cultural affiliation has enabled the Hausa to inhabit one of the largest geographic regions of non-Bantu ethnic groups in Africa.[43]. Although this group is found throughout the grasslands of West Africa, the bulk of the population is found in Northern Nigeria … Also, similar to Berber, Bedouin, Zarma and Fulani women, Hausa women traditionally use kohl to accentuate facial symmetry. Because of the dominant position which the Hausa language and culture have long held, the study of Hausa provides crucial background for other areas such as African history, politics (particularly in Nigeria and Niger), gender studies, commerce, and the arts. Daura city is the cultural center of the Hausa people and it predates all other cities. The first boko was devised by Europeans in the early 19th century,[69] and developed in the early 20th century by the British (mostly) and French colonial authorities. ALSO READ: 9 Interesting facts to know Yoruba people. The bride always has beautiful Lali or Mendy henna-drawing on her hands. Hausa's rich poetry, prose, and musical literature, is increasingly available in print and in audio and video recordings. Hause females often marry at early ages, mostly as teenagers. The Hausa are culturally and historically closest to other Sahelian ethnic groups, primarily the Fula; the Zarma and Songhai (in Tillabery, Tahoua and Dosso in Niger); the Kanuri and Shuwa Arabs (in Chad, Sudan and northeastern Nigeria); the Tuareg (in Agadez, Maradi and Zinder); the Gur and Gonja (in northeastern Ghana, Burkina Faso, northern Togo and upper Benin); Gwari (in central Nigeria); and the Mandinka, Bambara, Dioula and Soninke (in Mali, Senegal, Gambia, Ivory Coast and Guinea). The ancient Kano city walls were built in order to provide security to the growing population. [20] The men are easily recognizable because of their elaborate dress which is a large flowing gown known as Babban riga also known by various other names due to adaptation by many ethnic groups neighboring the Hausa (see indigo Babban Riga/Gandora). The town predates all the other major Hausa towns in tradition and culture. All of these various ethnic groups among and around the Hausa live in the vast and open lands of the Sahel, Saharan and Sudanian regions, and as a result of the geography and the criss crossing network of traditional African trade routes, have had their cultures heavily influenced by their Hausa neighbours, as noted by T.L. Depending on their location and occupation, they may wear the turban around this to veil the face, called Alasho. The people of Northern Nigeria constitute the Hausa and Fulani (Fulbe) tribes. Meat is usually only consumed in small amounts, if at all. The dignitary is portrayed wearing a "crooked baton"[44][45] The dignitary is also portrayed sitting with flared nostrils, and an open mouth suggesting performance. Religion. Hausa: history, culture, traditions, dressing, food, interesting facts . The Gobarau minaret, a symbol of the state, is an early example of Islamic architecture in a city that prides itself as an important Islamic learning centre. These large flowing gowns usually feature elaborate embroidery designs around the neck and chest area. [16][2] The Hausa are a diverse but culturally homogeneous people based primarily in the Sahelian and the sparse savanna areas of southern Niger and northern Nigeria respectively, numbering over 70 million people with significant indigenized populations in Benin, Cameroon, Ivory Coast,[17] Chad, Sudan, Central African Republic,[18] Republic of the Congo,[19] Togo, Ghana,[20] Eritrea,[10] Equatorial Guinea,[21] Gabon, Senegal and the Gambia. S15). Hausa-Fulani Culture is spread on the West and North of the country. [49] The Hausa Bakwai kingdoms were established around the 7th to 11th centuries. The Hausa were famous throughout the Middle Ages for their cloth weaving and dyeing, cotton goods, leather sandals, metal locks, horse equipment and leather-working and export of such goods throughout the west African region as well as to north Africa (Hausa leather was erroneously known to medieval Europe as Moroccan leather[78]). Their culture is akin reflection of the Arabian culture. The soup and stew are usually prepared with ground or chopped tomatoes, onions, and local spices. The Fatiha is the most significant event of the entire wedding ceremony. -----International Festival of Language and CultureColours of the Worldtwitter.com/intFLCinstagram.com/intFLCyoutube.com/intFLCwww.intFLC.org Most Nigerians will agree that majority of Nigerian foods are produced or cultivated in the Northern part of... Dressing. The Hausa people are found in various parts of West Africa. outline at least three cultures found in each zones in Nigeria, and (SAQ 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3) determine the similarities and differences that exist among notable cultures in Nigeria. They constitute the largest ethnic group in the area, which also contains another large group, the Fulani , perhaps one-half of whom are settled among the Hausa as a ruling class, having adopted the Hausa language and culture . With the help of an anthropologist that has studied several Nigerian ethnic groups we will learn about their daily live and taboos. Nevertheless, the Hausa remain preeminent in Niger and Northern Nigeria. Islamic Shari’a law is loosely the law of the land in Hausa areas, well understood by any Islamic scholar or teacher, known in Hausa as a m'allam, mallan or malam (see Maulana). The tribe usually build houses in styles that can be found throughout the Sahel region extending from... Dishes. Dambe's primary weapon is the “spear”, a single dominant hand wrapped from fist to forearm in thick strips of cotton bandage that is held in place by knotted cord dipped in salt and allowed to dry for maximum body damage on opponents, while the other arm, held open, serve as the “shield" to protect fighters head from opponent's blows or used to grab an opponent. The British forces won, sending Attahiru I and thousands of followers on a Mahdist hijra.[63]. 5. Many Hausa traditions were preserved until late in the twentieth century. The culture of Hausa people is really interesting and fascinating. The savannah region in northern Nigeria is the home of the Hausa people. In fact a large number of Fulani living in Hausa regions cannot speak Fulfulde at all and speak Hausa as their first language. They make up the largest ethnic group of West Africa and are known as successful traders. 2 • LOCATION The Hausa people are concentrated mainly in northwestern Nigeria and in adjoining southern Niger. This big ethnic group has about 24 million people in Nigeria and its traditions and culture are homogenized. Except in very wet or cold weather cooking takes place in the open courtyard of the multi-generational extended family compound, or gida.Cooking for family members is a female activity shared, or rotated, among co-wives in what are more often than not polygamous households. He and Korau discussed the idea of building a mosque to serve as a centre for spiritual and intellectual activities. It shows five horizontal stripes—from top to bottom in red, yellow, indigo blue, green, and khaki beige. A desire for reform contributed to the formation of the Sokoto Caliphate. Men also wear colourful embroidered caps known as hula. The trip will evolve from the tropical Southwest to the dry North. Traditional medicine within Hausa society. Fighters usually end up with split brows, broken jaws and noses or even sustain brain damage. Both of these cakes can be served with porridge and sugar known as kunu or koko. Some of the most prominent ethnic groupsinclude the likes of the Fulani, Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba, and Ijaw. The Hausas form the majority of the people inhabiting the middle belt and northern states of Nigeria. Hausa-Fulani culture Hausa-Fulani Culture is spread on the West and North of the country. Al-Maghili was from the town of Tlemcen in present-day Algeria and taught for a while in Katsina, which had become a centre of learning at this time, when he visited the town in the late 15th century during the reign of Muhammadu Korau. A small minority of around 4% are E1b1b clade bearers, a haplogroup which is most common in North Africa and the Horn of Africa. There many other ethnic groups with sizeable population across the different … [57][58] Muhammad Rumfa was also responsible for much of the Islamisation of Kano, as he urged prominent residents to convert. This paper discusses about the issues that hinder the development of Hausa people of Nigeria. Some of the most popular dialects used are Kano, Hausa Ghana, Sokoto, Daura but there are many others too. READ ALSO: What is last name or surname in different cultures? In Hausa culture, it is considered haram to eat pig meat or consume any pig products in Hausa land because the pig … The Hausa people have been an important factor for the spread of Islam in West Africa. The most popular and well-known dish is called Suya. The minaret is believed to be one of West Africa's first multi-storey buildings and was once the tallest building in Katsina. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio fled Gobir and from his sanctuary declared Jihad on its king and all Habe dynasty kings for their alleged greed, paganism, injustices against the peasant class, use of heavy taxation and violation of the standards of Sharia law. It’s always interesting to dig into the Hausa folklore and take a look at their interesting legends one more time. The Hausa are an ethnic group found in northern Nigeria and southern Niger. The Brief History Of Hausa People (North-Western Nigerian People) Hausa tribe are the third 3rd most Educated tribe in Nigerian and the first 1st most popular language speaking in Nigeria. It is a 50-foot edifice located in the centre of the city of Katsina, the capital of Katsina State. Consequently, and in spite of strong competition from western European culture as adopted by their southern Nigerian counterparts, have maintained a rich and peculiar mode of dressing, food, language, marriage system, education system, traditional architecture, sports, music and other forms of traditional entertainment. It is fought in rounds of three or less which have no time limits. There is a lot of prejudice against the Christians of southern Nigeria, and there has been intense persecution of the Christian Hausa. Foods preferred by these tribes include vegetables (pumpkin, spinach, okra) with soup or porridge and fish. Nationalencyklopedin "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), largest ethnic group in sub-Saharan Africa, "Nigerian Eritreans - The history of Hausa and Bargo in Eritrea", "All In The Language Family: The Afro-Asiatic Languages", "» Horse Talk: Horse Breeding in Niger Esther Garvi: Niger, West Africa", "La famille chamito-sémitique (ou afro-asiatique)", "Karatun Allo: The Islamic System Of Elementary Education In Hausaland", "404 Error Page - University of Liverpool", http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nok/hd_nok2.htm, "Hausa City States (Nigeria) - The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed", "Spread of Islam in West Africa (part 3 of 3): The Empires of Kanem-Bornu and Hausa-Fulani Land", "Saudi Aramco World : From Africa, in Ajami", "50 Greatest Africans - Sarki Muhammad Rumfa & Emperor Semamun", "Caravans Across the Desert: Marketplace", Colonialism by Proxy, Hausa Imperial Agents and Middle Belt Consciousness in Nigeria, "Population and Agriculture in the Sokoto-Rima Basin of North-West Nigeria: A Study of Political Intervention, Adaptation and Change, 1800-1980", "Hausa language, alphabets and pronunciation", "Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History", "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans", "Nigerian roadside barbecue shacks thrive in the midst of Islamist insurgency", The Subversive Women Who Self-Publish Novels Amid Jihadist War, Hausa Information at Art and Life in Africa Online, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&oldid=1016929711, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with dead external links from April 2017, Articles needing the year an event occurred from May 2018, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 April 2021, at 20:38.
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