Sullivan, Paul. After the colony achieved independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, said territory came to be known as the State of Mexico, with the new country being named after its capital: Mexico City, which itself was founded in 1524 on the site of the ancient Mexica capital of Mexico-Tenochtitlan. [106] This event, known as the Cry of Dolores (Spanish: Grito de Dolores) is commemorated each year, on 16 September, as Mexico's independence day. In Baja California, the PAN candidate was elected as governor. The young and weak United States was the first country to recognize Mexico's independence, sending an ambassador to the court of the emperor and sending a message to Europe via the Monroe Doctrine not to intervene in Mexico. [45] Along with this practice, they avoided killing enemies on the battlefield. [108]:87–88, The successful rebels established the First Mexican Republic. [315], Mexico has 233 airports with paved runways; of these, 35 carry 97% of the passenger traffic. [51] After the collapse of Teotihuacán around 600 AD, competition ensued between several important political centers in central Mexico such as Xochicalco and Cholula. [213] In 1970, Mexico's national institute for nuclear research successfully refined weapons grade uranium[214][failed verification] which is used in the manufacture of nuclear weapons but in April 2010, Mexico agreed to turn over its weapons grade uranium to the United States. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, México; Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010, Resultados preliminares, https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mexiko_(delstat)&oldid=48935484, Wikipedia:Artiklar med Commonscatmall där property P373 har ett annat värde än mallen, Wikipedia:Alla artiklar med åtgärdsbehov relaterade till Wikidata, Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 3.0 Unported. The Republic of Spaniards (República de Españoles) comprised European- and American-born Spaniards, mixed-race castas, and black Africans. In 1994, following the assassination of the PRI's presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio, Salinas was succeeded by substitute PRI candidate Ernesto Zedillo. In subsequent years, the insurgency was near collapse, but in 1820 Viceroy Juan Ruiz de Apodaca sent an army under the criollo general Agustín de Iturbide against the troops of Vicente Guerrero who had among his trusted soldiers, Filipino Mexicans who were concentrated in Guerrero, a state later named after Vicente Guerrero himself and where the Mexican flag was first sewn. Many large cities in Mexico are located in the Valley of Mexico or in adjacent valleys with altitudes generally above 2,000 m (6,562 ft). In February 1913, a military coup d'état overthrew Madero's government, with the support of the U.S., resulted in Madero's murder by agents of Federal Army General Victoriano Huerta. Information om Mexiko. Om Wikipedia; Förbehåll; Sök. Mexico's ability to maintain its independence and establish a viable government was in question. [34] The Mexican drug cartels have as many as 100,000 members. Luis Echeverría, Minister of the Interior under Díaz Ordaz, carrying out the repression during the Olympics, was elected president in 1970. After independence in 1821, sculpture was influenced by Romanticism, which tended to break the strict norms and models of classicism, while it pursued ideas influenced by realism and nationalism. During this period the first true Mesoamerican writing systems were developed in the Epi-Olmec and the Zapotec cultures. [38] Mexico's rich cultural and biological heritage, as well as varied climate and geography, makes it a major tourist destination: as of 2018, it was the sixth most-visited country in the world, with 39 million international arrivals. [182] The principles of the foreign policy are constitutionally recognized in the Article 89, Section 10, which include: respect for international law and legal equality of states, their sovereignty and independence, trend to non-interventionism in the domestic affairs of other countries, peaceful resolution of conflicts, and promotion of collective security through active participation in international organizations. In 1954 American vocalist of Mexican heritage Andy Russell, relocated to Mexico where he became a star of radio, records and nightclubs, specializing in traditional pop and Latin music. In an act of mercy, Bravo instead pardoned the prisoners, most of whom then joined the insurgent cause. In the religious sphere, the diocese of Mexico was created in 1530 and elevated to the Archdiocese of Mexico in 1546, with the archbishop as the head of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, overseeing Roman Catholic clergy. [160] Mexico is also considered the second country in the world in ecosystems and fourth in overall species. Two years later, the French Army withdrew its support, Maximilian remained in Mexico rather than return to Europe. While usually not as strong as the United States, the Caribbean countries and Japan, Mexico has nonetheless achieved several international baseball titles. [225] In 2008, president Calderón proposed a major reform of the judicial system, which was approved by the Congress of the Union, which included oral trials, the presumption of innocence for defendants, the authority of local police to investigate crime—until then a prerogative of special police units—and several other changes intended to speed up trials. Once the destination for the rich and famous, the beaches have become crowded and the shores are now home to many multi-story hotels and vendors. In September 2016 Kia motors opened a $1 billion factory in Nuevo León,[270] with Audi also opening an assembling plant in Puebla the same year. in Coloquio sobre derechos indígenas, Oaxaca, IOC. After the slowdown of 2001 the country has recovered and has grown 4.2, 3.0 and 4.8 percent in 2004, 2005 and 2006,[249] even though it is considered to be well below Mexico's potential growth. [108]:312 Carranza had gained support of the peasantry during the Revolution, but once in power he did little to distribute land, and, in fact, returned some confiscated land to their original owners. [149], Although there were fears of electoral fraud in Mexico's 2018 presidential elections,[150] the results gave a mandate to AMLO. [229] The U.S. Department of State warns its citizens to exercise increased caution when traveling in Mexico, issuing travel advisories on its website. Many Mexican cultural features including tequila,[104] first distilled in the 16th century, charreria (17th),[105] mariachi (18th) and Mexican cuisine, a fusion of American and European (particularly Spanish) cuisine, arose during the colonial era. Från Wikipedia. Estados Unidos Mexicanos), on Pohjois-Amerikan eteläosassa sijaitseva 119,5 miljoonan asukkaan valtio, jonka rajanaapureita ovat Yhdysvallat, Belize ja Guatemala.Maan pääkaupunki on México, josta käytetään usein myös englanninkielistä nimeä Mexico City. [113] Santa Anna lost a leg in combat during this conflict, which he used for political purposes. The revolutionary generals ruled as a succession of presidents until the assassination of Alvaro Obregón in 1928, which led to the formation of the Institutional Revolutionary Party the following year, under which Mexico was a de facto one-party state until 2000. [380], In the early 1960s, around 600,000 Mexicans lived abroad, which increased sevenfold by the 1990s to 4.4 million. [461][462] Mexican teams have won the Caribbean Series nine times. [170] The Senate is made up of 128 senators. [239], The United Mexican States are a federation of 31 free and sovereign states, which form a union that exercises a degree of jurisdiction over Mexico City. PRD emerged after what has now been proven was a stolen election in 1988,[177] and has won numerous state and local elections since then. Because of its high biodiversity Mexico has also been a frequent site of bioprospecting by international research bodies. [451] Finally, on 16 November 2010 Mexican gastronomy was recognized as Intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO. The newly instituted reforms that granted protection to indigenous communities, and curtailed the power of the military and the church, were enshrined in the Constitution of 1857. [262] According to a 2008 UN report the average income in a typical urbanized area of Mexico was $26,654, while the average income in rural areas just miles away was only $8,403. Mexican films were exported and exhibited in all of Latin America and Europe. [450] However, in a first instance the result was negative, because the committee did not place the proper emphasis on the importance of corn in Mexican cuisine. [282] Mexican satellites are operated by Satélites Mexicanos (Satmex), a private company, leader in Latin America and servicing both North and South America. [307] The roadway network in Mexico has an extent of 366,095 km (227,481 mi),[308] of which 116,802 km (72,577 mi) are paved. [157], As such, the majority of the Mexican central and northern territories are located at high altitudes, and the highest elevations are found at the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt: Pico de Orizaba (5,700 m or 18,701 ft), Popocatépetl (5,462 m or 17,920 ft) and Iztaccihuatl (5,286 m or 17,343 ft) and the Nevado de Toluca (4,577 m or 15,016 ft). Den täcker i huvudsak området norr och väster om landets huvudstad Mexico City och domineras av dess storstadsområde. The "Day Without Women" (Día Sin Nosotras) was reported in the international press along with the previous day's demonstrations.[433][434]. He died while in their custody and the Spanish retreated from Tenochtitlan in great disarray. There is often a syncretism between shamanism and Catholic traditions. Silver and the red dye cochineal were shipped from Veracruz to Atlantic ports in the Americas and Spain. [230], President Felipe Calderón (2006–12) made eradicating organized crime one of the top priorities of his administration by deploying military personnel to cities where drug cartels operate. The population was 2,681 at the 2010 census. [245] By 2050, Mexico could potentially become the world's fifth or seventh largest economy. This gives them a year-round temperate climate with yearly temperature averages (from 16 to 18 °C or 60.8 to 64.4 °F) and cool nighttime temperatures throughout the year. When De la Madrid chose Carlos Salinas de Gortari as the candidate for the PRI, and therefore a foregone presidential victor, Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, son of former President Lázaro Cárdenas, broke with the PRI and challenged Salinas in the 1988 elections. [1][373] The states with the highest self-report of Afro-Mexicans were Guerrero (8.6% of the population), Oaxaca (4.7%) and Baja California Sur (3.3%). Although the Spanish had established colonies in the Caribbean starting in 1493, it was not until the second decade of the sixteenth century that they began exploring the coast of Mexico. On Monday, 9 March 2020, the second day of action was marked by the absence of women at work, in class, shopping and other public activities. [22][23] Its large economy and population, global cultural influence, and steady democratization make Mexico a regional and middle power;[24][25][26][27] it is often identified as an emerging power but is considered a newly industrialized state by several analysts. Despite efforts by animal rights activists to outlaw it, bullfighting remains a popular sport in the country, and almost all large cities have bullrings. ; Politíki ya viplívɛ; elɔ́kɔ elobí Wikipedia Diego Rivera, the most well-known figure of Mexican muralism, painted the Man at the Crossroads at the Rockefeller Center in New York City, a huge mural that was destroyed by the Rockefellers the next year because of the inclusion of a portrait of Russian communist leader Lenin. Most art in the colonial era was religious, but starting in the late seventeenth century and most prominently in the eighteenth century, secular portraits and casta painting appeared. Salinas left Zedillo's government to deal with the Mexican peso crisis, requiring a $50 billion IMF bailout. The famous Spanish-born director Luis Buñuel realized in Mexico between 1947 and 1965 some of his masterpieces like Los Olvidados (1949) and Viridiana (1961). Just offshore is the beach island of Isla Mujeres, and to the east is the Isla Holbox. Mexico Ingles Airplay is a record chart published weekly by Billboard magazine for English-language singles receiving airplay in Mexico. Una relectura de los censos generales de población", "México sin mestizaje: una reinterpretación de nuestra historia", "Al respecto no debe olvidarse que en estos países buena parte de las personas consideradas biológicamente blancas son mestizas en el aspecto cultural, el que aquí nos interesa (p. 196)", "El mestizaje es un mito, la identidad cultural sí importa", "Indicadores seleccionados sobre la población hablante de lengua indígena, 1950 a 2005", "¿Qué es y cómo se determina un hogar indígena? The Mexican musician Tony Camargo later became the greatest representatives of this music, and pioneer of the same in the country, his success "El año viejo" (The old year) took him to the top and it has become a classic, until today and the Sonora Santanera becomes popular by imitating the style of Cuban orchestras and boleros. [385][324] Mexican Spanish refers to the varieties of the language spoken in the country, which differ from one region to another in sound, structure, and vocabulary. However, most of the people who profess this cult declare themselves to be Catholic believers, and consider that there is no contradiction between the tributes they offer to the Christ Child and the adoration of God. [17], Mexico's early history as a nation state was marked by political and socioeconomic upheaval. Both Verónica Ruiz de Velasco and Francisco Toledo were students of Rufino Tamayo. [221] The FGR operates the Federal Ministerial Police (Policia Federal Ministerial, PMF) an investigative and preventive agency. [303] The vast majority of tourists come to Mexico from the United States and Canada followed by Europe and Asia. The Academy of San Carlos (1781) was the first major school and museum of art in the Americas. At the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula is the resort town of Cabo San Lucas, a town noted for its beaches and marlin fishing. He imposed his fellow former Sonoran revolutionary general, Calles, as his successor, prompting an unsuccessful military revolt. With the Spaniards came the pork, beef and chicken meats; peppercorn, sugar, milk and all its derivatives, wheat and rice, citrus fruits and another constellation of ingredients that are part of the daily diet of Mexicans. Den arkeologiska platsen Teotihuacán är belägen i den nordöstra delen av delstaten, ungefär 45 kilometer nordost om Mexico City. Although low-lying areas north of the Tropic of Cancer are hot and humid during the summer, they generally have lower yearly temperature averages (from 20 to 24 °C or 68.0 to 75.2 °F) because of more moderate conditions during the winter. In 1995, the Mexican chemist Mario J. Molina shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Paul J. Crutzen and F. Sherwood Rowland for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone. [336][337] At the turn of the 21st century, several trends have increased the number of foreigners residing in the country such as the 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis,[338] increasing gang-related violence in the Northern Triangle of Central America,[339] the ongoing political and economic crisis in Venezuela,[340][341] and the automotive industry boom led by Japanese and South Korean investment. Sevärdheter i Mexiko: Se omdömen och bilder av saker du kan göra när du är i Mexiko, Nordamerika på Tripadvisor. Många stora städer har vuxit upp i närheten av Mexico City och delstaten har flera städer med över 100 000 invånare. Geophysically, some geographers include the territory east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (around 12% of the total) within Central America. The agreement came into effect on 1 January 1994; the same day, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) started a two-week-long armed rebellion against the federal government, and has continued as a non-violent opposition movement against neoliberalism and globalization.